Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance among children in the world health organization regions between 2000 and 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the global prevalence of antibiotic resistance in pediatric Helicobacter pylori infection. The study found that primary resistance rates were metronidazole 35.3%, clarithromycin 32.6%, tetracycline 2.1%, levofloxacin 13.2%, and amoxicillin 4.8%. Raising antibiotic resistance was detected in most WHO regions. The escalating trend of H. pylori antibiotic resistance in children warrants urgent global attention and the need for national and regional surveillance networks for antibiotic stewardship.